---
title: "Seaborn Lineplot : guide complet des graphiques en courbes avec sns.lineplot()"
description: "Maîtrisez seaborn lineplot avec des exemples pratiques couvrant plusieurs courbes, les intervalles de confiance, hue, style, les marqueurs, la visualisation de séries temporelles et la personnalisation."
date: 2026-02-11
author: soren
ogImage:
language: en
tag: Seaborn
---
 
# Seaborn Lineplot : guide complet des graphiques en courbes avec sns.lineplot()
 
import BlogHeader from '../../../components/blog-header';
 
<BlogHeader />
 
Les graphiques en courbes sont essentiels pour visualiser des tendances, des séries temporelles et des relations entre variables continues. Pourtant, produire des courbes de qualité “publication” qui communiquent clairement les insights nécessite souvent une configuration matplotlib importante et du style appliqué manuellement. Les data scientists perdent des heures à ajuster les couleurs des lignes, gérer les légendes et formater les axes, alors qu’ils devraient se concentrer sur l’analyse.
 
La fonction `lineplot()` de Seaborn résout ce problème en offrant une interface de haut niveau pour créer de superbes graphiques en courbes avec un minimum de code. Elle gère automatiquement l’agrégation statistique, les intervalles de confiance, les palettes de couleurs et le style visuel, tout en restant hautement personnalisable pour des cas d’usage avancés.
 
Ce guide couvre tout : des courbes de base aux visualisations avancées multi-séries avec un style personnalisé. Vous apprendrez à créer des graphiques professionnels qui communiquent efficacement les insights de vos données.
 
import BlogSuggestion from '../../../components/blog-suggestion';
 
<BlogSuggestion />
 
## Comprendre les bases de sns.lineplot()
 
La fonction `sns.lineplot()` crée des graphiques en courbes à partir de pandas DataFrames ou de tableaux (arrays). Elle agrège automatiquement les observations multiples pour chaque valeur de x et affiche des intervalles de confiance par défaut.
 
```python copy
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
# Create sample data
df = pd.DataFrame({
    'time': range(10),
    'value': [1, 3, 2, 5, 4, 6, 5, 7, 6, 8]
})
 
# Basic lineplot
sns.lineplot(data=df, x='time', y='value')
plt.title('Basic Line Plot')
plt.show()

sns.lineplot(
    data=None,      # DataFrame, array, or dict
    x=None,         # Column name or vector for x-axis
    y=None,         # Column name or vector for y-axis
    hue=None,       # Grouping variable for color
    size=None,      # Grouping variable for line width
    style=None,     # Grouping variable for line style
    palette=None,   # Color palette
    markers=False,  # Add markers to data points
    dashes=True,    # Use dashed lines for styles
    ci=95,          # Confidence interval (deprecated in newer versions)
    errorbar=('ci', 95),  # Error representation
    legend='auto',  # Legend display
    ax=None         # Matplotlib axes object
)

# Create multi-observation dataset
data = pd.DataFrame({
    'day': [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
    'sales': [100, 150, 120, 110, 145, 125, 105, 155, 130],
    'store': ['A', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'B', 'B', 'C', 'C', 'C']
})
 
# Plot with automatic aggregation
sns.lineplot(data=data, x='day', y='sales')
plt.title('Average Sales by Day (with 95% CI)')
plt.xlabel('Day of Week')
plt.ylabel('Sales ($)')
plt.show()

# Multiple stores on same plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6))
 
sns.lineplot(
    data=data,
    x='day',
    y='sales',
    hue='store',  # Separate line for each store
    palette='Set2'
)
 
plt.title('Sales Comparison Across Stores')
plt.xlabel('Day of Week')
plt.ylabel('Sales ($)')
plt.legend(title='Store', loc='upper left')
plt.show()

# Multiple grouping variables
customer_data = pd.DataFrame({
    'month': [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
    'revenue': [5000, 5500, 6000, 4800, 5200, 5800, 6200, 6800, 7200, 6000, 6500, 7000],
    'segment': ['Premium', 'Premium', 'Premium', 'Standard', 'Standard', 'Standard',
                'Premium', 'Premium', 'Premium', 'Standard', 'Standard', 'Standard'],
    'region': ['North', 'North', 'North', 'North', 'North', 'North',
               'South', 'South', 'South', 'South', 'South', 'South']
})
 
# Use hue for segment, style for region
sns.lineplot(
    data=customer_data,
    x='month',
    y='revenue',
    hue='segment',
    style='region',
    markers=True,
    dashes=False
)
 
plt.title('Revenue by Segment and Region')
plt.xlabel('Month')
plt.ylabel('Revenue ($)')
plt.show()

# Temperature data with different sensors
temp_data = pd.DataFrame({
    'hour': list(range(24)) * 3,
    'temperature': [15, 14, 13, 12, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 24,
                   25, 26, 25, 24, 22, 20, 18, 17, 16, 15, 15, 14] * 3,
    'sensor': ['Sensor_A'] * 24 + ['Sensor_B'] * 24 + ['Sensor_C'] * 24,
    'location': ['Indoor'] * 24 + ['Outdoor'] * 24 + ['Basement'] * 24
})
 
# Add some variation
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(42)
temp_data['temperature'] = temp_data['temperature'] + np.random.normal(0, 1, len(temp_data))
 
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 6))
 
sns.lineplot(
    data=temp_data,
    x='hour',
    y='temperature',
    hue='location',
    style='location',
    markers=True,
    dashes=True,
    palette='tab10'
)
 
plt.title('24-Hour Temperature Monitoring')
plt.xlabel('Hour of Day')
plt.ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
plt.legend(title='Location')
plt.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
plt.show()

# Quarterly earnings data
earnings = pd.DataFrame({
    'quarter': ['Q1', 'Q2', 'Q3', 'Q4'] * 3,
    'earnings': [2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.4, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.7, 2.3, 2.5, 2.8, 2.9],
    'year': ['2023'] * 4 + ['2024'] * 4 + ['2025'] * 4
})
 
sns.lineplot(
    data=earnings,
    x='quarter',
    y='earnings',
    hue='year',
    markers=True,
    marker='o',  # Specific marker style
    markersize=8,
    linewidth=2.5,
    palette='deep'
)
 
plt.title('Quarterly Earnings per Share')
plt.xlabel('Quarter')
plt.ylabel('EPS ($)')
plt.ylim(2.0, 3.0)
plt.legend(title='Year')
plt.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
plt.show()

# Custom markers for different groups
sns.lineplot(
    data=earnings,
    x='quarter',
    y='earnings',
    hue='year',
    style='year',
    markers=['o', 's', '^'],  # Different marker per year
    markersize=10,
    dashes=False
)
 
plt.title('Earnings Trend with Distinct Markers')
plt.show()

# Experimental data with replicates
experiment = pd.DataFrame({
    'concentration': [0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0] * 10,
    'response': np.random.lognormal(mean=[1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3] * 10, sigma=0.3),
    'replicate': list(range(10)) * 5
})
 
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(15, 4))
 
# 95% confidence interval (default)
sns.lineplot(data=experiment, x='concentration', y='response',
             errorbar=('ci', 95), ax=axes[0])
axes[0].set_title('95% Confidence Interval')
 
# Standard deviation
sns.lineplot(data=experiment, x='concentration', y='response',
             errorbar='sd', ax=axes[1])
axes[1].set_title('Standard Deviation')
 
# No error bars
sns.lineplot(data=experiment, x='concentration', y='response',
             errorbar=None, ax=axes[2])
axes[2].set_title('No Error Bars')
 
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Stock price comparison
stocks = pd.DataFrame({
    'date': pd.date_range('2025-01-01', periods=60),
    'price': np.random.randn(60).cumsum() + 100,
    'ticker': ['AAPL'] * 60
})
 
stocks = pd.concat([
    stocks,
    pd.DataFrame({
        'date': pd.date_range('2025-01-01', periods=60),
        'price': np.random.randn(60).cumsum() + 150,
        'ticker': ['GOOGL'] * 60
    }),
    pd.DataFrame({
        'date': pd.date_range('2025-01-01', periods=60),
        'price': np.random.randn(60).cumsum() + 200,
        'ticker': ['MSFT'] * 60
    })
])
 
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(14, 10))
 
# Built-in palette
sns.lineplot(data=stocks, x='date', y='price', hue='ticker',
             palette='Set1', ax=axes[0, 0])
axes[0, 0].set_title('Set1 Palette')
 
# Custom colors
custom_colors = {'AAPL': '#FF6B6B', 'GOOGL': '#4ECDC4', 'MSFT': '#45B7D1'}
sns.lineplot(data=stocks, x='date', y='price', hue='ticker',
             palette=custom_colors, ax=axes[0, 1])
axes[0, 1].set_title('Custom Color Mapping')
 
# Colorblind-safe palette
sns.lineplot(data=stocks, x='date', y='price', hue='ticker',
             palette='colorblind', ax=axes[1, 0])
axes[1, 0].set_title('Colorblind Palette')
 
# Dark palette
sns.lineplot(data=stocks, x='date', y='price', hue='ticker',
             palette='dark', ax=axes[1, 1])
axes[1, 1].set_title('Dark Palette')
 
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Website traffic data
dates = pd.date_range('2025-01-01', periods=180, freq='D')
traffic = pd.DataFrame({
    'date': dates,
    'visits': 1000 + np.random.randn(180).cumsum() * 50 + np.sin(np.arange(180) / 7) * 200,
    'source': ['Organic'] * 180
})
 
# Add paid traffic
paid = pd.DataFrame({
    'date': dates,
    'visits': 500 + np.random.randn(180).cumsum() * 30,
    'source': ['Paid'] * 180
})
 
traffic = pd.concat([traffic, paid])
 
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(14, 6))
 
sns.lineplot(
    data=traffic,
    x='date',
    y='visits',
    hue='source',
    palette={'Organic': '#2ecc71', 'Paid': '#e74c3c'},
    linewidth=2
)
 
plt.title('Website Traffic Over Time', fontsize=16, fontweight='bold')
plt.xlabel('Date', fontsize=12)
plt.ylabel('Daily Visits', fontsize=12)
plt.legend(title='Traffic Source', title_fontsize=11, fontsize=10)
plt.grid(True, alpha=0.3, linestyle='--')
 
# Format x-axis dates
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter('%b %Y'))
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(mdates.MonthLocator(interval=1))
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
 
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Create time series with datetime index
ts_data = pd.DataFrame({
    'value': np.random.randn(365).cumsum() + 50
}, index=pd.date_range('2025-01-01', periods=365))
 
# Reset index to use in lineplot
ts_data_reset = ts_data.reset_index()
ts_data_reset.columns = ['date', 'value']
 
sns.lineplot(data=ts_data_reset, x='date', y='value')
plt.title('Time Series with Datetime Index')
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Wide format data
wide_data = pd.DataFrame({
    'month': range(1, 13),
    'Product_A': [100, 120, 115, 130, 140, 135, 150, 160, 155, 170, 180, 175],
    'Product_B': [80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135],
    'Product_C': [60, 65, 70, 68, 75, 80, 85, 90, 88, 95, 100, 105]
})
 
# Method 1: Melt to long format
long_data = wide_data.melt(id_vars='month', var_name='Product', value_name='Sales')
 
sns.lineplot(data=long_data, x='month', y='Sales', hue='Product')
plt.title('Product Sales Comparison')
plt.xlabel('Month')
plt.ylabel('Sales')
plt.show()

# Method 2: Plot each column separately
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6))
 
for column in ['Product_A', 'Product_B', 'Product_C']:
    sns.lineplot(data=wide_data, x='month', y=column, label=column, ax=ax)
 
plt.title('Product Sales (Wide Format)')
plt.xlabel('Month')
plt.ylabel('Sales')
plt.legend(title='Product')
plt.show()

# Create figure with custom styling
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 7))
 
# Set overall style
sns.set_style('whitegrid')
sns.set_context('notebook', font_scale=1.2)
 
# Plot data
performance = pd.DataFrame({
    'epoch': list(range(1, 51)) * 2,
    'accuracy': np.concatenate([
        0.6 + 0.008 * np.arange(50) + np.random.randn(50) * 0.02,
        0.55 + 0.009 * np.arange(50) + np.random.randn(50) * 0.025
    ]),
    'model': ['Model_A'] * 50 + ['Model_B'] * 50
})
 
sns.lineplot(
    data=performance,
    x='epoch',
    y='accuracy',
    hue='model',
    palette=['#FF6B6B', '#4ECDC4'],
    linewidth=2.5,
    ax=ax
)
 
# Customize with matplotlib
ax.set_title('Model Training Performance', fontsize=18, fontweight='bold', pad=20)
ax.set_xlabel('Training Epoch', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
ax.set_ylabel('Validation Accuracy', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
ax.set_ylim(0.5, 1.0)
ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.FuncFormatter(lambda y, _: f'{y:.0%}'))
 
# Add reference line
ax.axhline(y=0.8, color='gray', linestyle='--', linewidth=1.5, alpha=0.7, label='Target (80%)')
 
# Customize legend
handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
ax.legend(handles, labels, title='Model', title_fontsize=12,
          fontsize=11, loc='lower right', framealpha=0.95)
 
# Add grid customization
ax.grid(True, alpha=0.4, linestyle=':', linewidth=0.8)
ax.set_facecolor('#F8F9FA')
 
# Add annotations
ax.annotate('Model A reaches 90%',
            xy=(45, 0.9), xytext=(35, 0.85),
            arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->', color='#FF6B6B', lw=1.5),
            fontsize=10, color='#FF6B6B', fontweight='bold')
 
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Multi-metric dashboard
metrics = pd.DataFrame({
    'time': list(range(100)) * 3,
    'cpu_usage': np.random.rand(300) * 60 + 20 + np.sin(np.arange(300) / 10) * 15,
    'memory_usage': np.random.rand(300) * 40 + 40 + np.cos(np.arange(300) / 15) * 10,
    'disk_io': np.random.rand(300) * 80 + 10 + np.sin(np.arange(300) / 8) * 20,
    'server': ['Server_1'] * 100 + ['Server_2'] * 100 + ['Server_3'] * 100
})
 
fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 1, figsize=(12, 10), sharex=True)
 
# CPU Usage
sns.lineplot(data=metrics, x='time', y='cpu_usage', hue='server',
             palette='Set2', ax=axes[0], legend=True)
axes[0].set_title('CPU Usage (%)', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
axes[0].set_ylabel('Usage (%)')
axes[0].set_xlabel('')
axes[0].axhline(y=80, color='red', linestyle='--', alpha=0.5, label='Threshold')
axes[0].legend(loc='upper left', ncol=4)
 
# Memory Usage
sns.lineplot(data=metrics, x='time', y='memory_usage', hue='server',
             palette='Set2', ax=axes[1], legend=False)
axes[1].set_title('Memory Usage (%)', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
axes[1].set_ylabel('Usage (%)')
axes[1].set_xlabel('')
axes[1].axhline(y=80, color='red', linestyle='--', alpha=0.5)
 
# Disk I/O
sns.lineplot(data=metrics, x='time', y='disk_io', hue='server',
             palette='Set2', ax=axes[2], legend=False)
axes[2].set_title('Disk I/O (MB/s)', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
axes[2].set_ylabel('Throughput')
axes[2].set_xlabel('Time (seconds)', fontsize=12)
 
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# 2x2 comparison grid
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(14, 10))
 
categories = ['Category_A', 'Category_B', 'Category_C', 'Category_D']
positions = [(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1)]
 
for category, (i, j) in zip(categories, positions):
    subset = pd.DataFrame({
        'x': range(20),
        'y': np.random.randn(20).cumsum() + 10
    })
 
    sns.lineplot(data=subset, x='x', y='y', ax=axes[i, j],
                marker='o', linewidth=2, color='#3498db')
    axes[i, j].set_title(f'{category} Trend', fontweight='bold')
    axes[i, j].grid(True, alpha=0.3)
 
plt.suptitle('Multi-Category Performance Dashboard', fontsize=16, fontweight='bold', y=1.02)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Simulate stock price data
np.random.seed(42)
dates = pd.date_range('2024-01-01', periods=252, freq='B')  # Business days
 
stocks_real = pd.DataFrame({
    'Date': np.tile(dates, 4),
    'Price': np.concatenate([
        100 * np.exp(np.random.randn(252).cumsum() * 0.01),  # AAPL
        150 * np.exp(np.random.randn(252).cumsum() * 0.012), # GOOGL
        200 * np.exp(np.random.randn(252).cumsum() * 0.011), # MSFT
        80 * np.exp(np.random.randn(252).cumsum() * 0.015)   # TSLA
    ]),
    'Ticker': ['AAPL'] * 252 + ['GOOGL'] * 252 + ['MSFT'] * 252 + ['TSLA'] * 252
})
 
# Calculate normalized returns (base = 100)
stocks_normalized = stocks_real.copy()
for ticker in stocks_normalized['Ticker'].unique():
    mask = stocks_normalized['Ticker'] == ticker
    first_price = stocks_normalized.loc[mask, 'Price'].iloc[0]
    stocks_normalized.loc[mask, 'Normalized_Return'] = (
        stocks_normalized.loc[mask, 'Price'] / first_price * 100
    )
 
fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(14, 10))
 
# Absolute prices
sns.lineplot(
    data=stocks_real,
    x='Date',
    y='Price',
    hue='Ticker',
    palette='deep',
    linewidth=2,
    ax=ax1
)
 
ax1.set_title('Stock Prices - Absolute Values (2024)', fontsize=16, fontweight='bold')
ax1.set_xlabel('')
ax1.set_ylabel('Price ($)', fontsize=12)
ax1.legend(title='Ticker', title_fontsize=11, fontsize=10, loc='upper left')
ax1.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
 
# Normalized returns
sns.lineplot(
    data=stocks_normalized,
    x='Date',
    y='Normalized_Return',
    hue='Ticker',
    palette='deep',
    linewidth=2,
    ax=ax2
)
 
ax2.axhline(y=100, color='gray', linestyle='--', linewidth=1, alpha=0.7)
ax2.set_title('Normalized Returns (Base = 100)', fontsize=16, fontweight='bold')
ax2.set_xlabel('Date', fontsize=12)
ax2.set_ylabel('Normalized Return', fontsize=12)
ax2.legend(title='Ticker', title_fontsize=11, fontsize=10, loc='upper left')
ax2.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
 
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# IoT sensor data with noise
hours = np.linspace(0, 24, 288)  # 5-minute intervals
sensor_data = pd.DataFrame({
    'time': np.tile(hours, 4),
    'temperature': np.concatenate([
        20 + 5 * np.sin(hours * np.pi / 12) + np.random.randn(288) * 0.5,  # Room 1
        22 + 4 * np.sin(hours * np.pi / 12 - 0.5) + np.random.randn(288) * 0.7,  # Room 2
        19 + 6 * np.sin(hours * np.pi / 12 + 0.3) + np.random.randn(288) * 0.6,  # Room 3
        21 + 5.5 * np.sin(hours * np.pi / 12 - 0.2) + np.random.randn(288) * 0.8   # Room 4
    ]),
    'room': ['Room_1'] * 288 + ['Room_2'] * 288 + ['Room_3'] * 288 + ['Room_4'] * 288,
    'building': ['Building_A'] * 576 + ['Building_B'] * 576
})
 
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(14, 7))
 
sns.lineplot(
    data=sensor_data,
    x='time',
    y='temperature',
    hue='room',
    style='building',
    palette='tab10',
    linewidth=2,
    markers=False,
    errorbar=('ci', 68),  # 1 standard deviation
    ax=ax
)
 
# Add comfort zone
ax.axhspan(18, 24, alpha=0.1, color='green', label='Comfort Zone')
 
ax.set_title('24-Hour Temperature Monitoring Across Rooms', fontsize=16, fontweight='bold')
ax.set_xlabel('Hour of Day', fontsize=12)
ax.set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)', fontsize=12)
ax.set_xticks(range(0, 25, 2))
ax.legend(title='Location', bbox_to_anchor=(1.05, 1), loc='upper left')
ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3, linestyle=':')
 
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# A/B test conversion rates over time
days = np.arange(1, 31)
ab_test = pd.DataFrame({
    'day': np.tile(days, 2),
    'conversion_rate': np.concatenate([
        0.05 + 0.001 * days + np.random.randn(30) * 0.005,  # Control
        0.055 + 0.0012 * days + np.random.randn(30) * 0.005  # Variant
    ]) * 100,
    'variant': ['Control'] * 30 + ['Variant_B'] * 30,
    'sample_size': np.random.randint(800, 1200, 60)
})
 
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(12, 9), sharex=True)
 
# Conversion rate trend
sns.lineplot(
    data=ab_test,
    x='day',
    y='conversion_rate',
    hue='variant',
    palette={'Control': '#95a5a6', 'Variant_B': '#27ae60'},
    linewidth=2.5,
    markers=True,
    markersize=6,
    errorbar=None,
    ax=axes[0]
)
 
axes[0].set_title('A/B Test: Conversion Rate Over Time', fontsize=16, fontweight='bold')
axes[0].set_ylabel('Conversion Rate (%)', fontsize=12)
axes[0].set_xlabel('')
axes[0].legend(title='Test Group', fontsize=11)
axes[0].grid(True, alpha=0.3)
 
# Sample size tracking
sns.lineplot(
    data=ab_test,
    x='day',
    y='sample_size',
    hue='variant',
    palette={'Control': '#95a5a6', 'Variant_B': '#27ae60'},
    linewidth=2,
    markers=False,
    errorbar=None,
    ax=axes[1]
)
 
axes[1].set_title('Daily Sample Size', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
axes[1].set_ylabel('Users', fontsize=12)
axes[1].set_xlabel('Day of Test', fontsize=12)
axes[1].legend(title='Test Group', fontsize=11)
axes[1].grid(True, alpha=0.3)
 
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Create a polished chart for export
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6), dpi=100)
 
export_data = pd.DataFrame({
    'month': ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun'] * 2,
    'revenue': [50, 55, 53, 60, 65, 70, 45, 48, 50, 55, 58, 63],
    'region': ['North'] * 6 + ['South'] * 6
})
 
sns.lineplot(
    data=export_data,
    x='month',
    y='revenue',
    hue='region',
    palette='Set1',
    linewidth=3,
    markers=True,
    markersize=10,
    ax=ax
)
 
ax.set_title('Regional Revenue Comparison', fontsize=16, fontweight='bold', pad=15)
ax.set_xlabel('Month', fontsize=13)
ax.set_ylabel('Revenue ($K)', fontsize=13)
ax.legend(title='Region', title_fontsize=12, fontsize=11)
ax.grid(True, alpha=0.4)
 
# Save in multiple formats
plt.savefig('revenue_comparison.png', dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')  # High-res PNG
plt.savefig('revenue_comparison.pdf', bbox_inches='tight')           # Vector PDF
plt.savefig('revenue_comparison.svg', bbox_inches='tight')           # SVG for web
 
# Save with transparent background
plt.savefig('revenue_comparison_transparent.png', dpi=300,
            bbox_inches='tight', transparent=True)
 
plt.show()
 
print("Charts saved in multiple formats:")
print("- revenue_comparison.png (300 DPI)")
print("- revenue_comparison.pdf (vector)")
print("- revenue_comparison.svg (web)")
print("- revenue_comparison_transparent.png (transparent)")

# Set exact figure size for publication
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5))  # Width, height in inches
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
 
sns.lineplot(data=export_data, x='month', y='revenue', hue='region', ax=ax)
ax.set_title('Revenue Trends')
 
# Save with exact pixel dimensions (at 100 DPI: 8 inches * 100 = 800 pixels)
plt.savefig('chart_800x500.png', dpi=100, bbox_inches='tight')
 
# Save with higher resolution (8 inches * 300 DPI = 2400 pixels)
plt.savefig('chart_2400x1500.png', dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
 
plt.close()

# Install PyGWalker: pip install pygwalker
 
import pygwalker as pyg
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
 
# Create time series data
dates = pd.date_range('2025-01-01', periods=365, freq='D')
interactive_data = pd.DataFrame({
    'Date': dates,
    'Sales': 1000 + np.random.randn(365).cumsum() * 50,
    'Costs': 600 + np.random.randn(365).cumsum() * 30,
    'Region': np.random.choice(['North', 'South', 'East', 'West'], 365),
    'Product': np.random.choice(['Product_A', 'Product_B', 'Product_C'], 365)
})
 
# Launch interactive explorer
walker = pyg.walk(interactive_data)

# Large dataset simulation
large_data = pd.DataFrame({
    'timestamp': pd.date_range('2025-01-01', periods=10000, freq='T'),
    'value': np.random.randn(10000).cumsum()
})
 
# Method 1: Downsample to hourly
hourly = large_data.set_index('timestamp').resample('H').mean().reset_index()
 
sns.lineplot(data=hourly, x='timestamp', y='value')
plt.title('Downsampled to Hourly Average')
plt.show()
 
# Method 2: Use estimator for automatic aggregation
large_data['hour'] = large_data['timestamp'].dt.floor('H')
 
sns.lineplot(data=large_data, x='hour', y='value', estimator='median')
plt.title('Median Aggregation by Hour')
plt.xticks(rotation=45)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Noisy experimental data
experiment_multi = pd.DataFrame({
    'dose': [0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0] * 20,
    'response': np.random.lognormal([1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3] * 20, 0.4)
})
 
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(15, 4))
 
# Mean with CI
sns.lineplot(data=experiment_multi, x='dose', y='response',
             estimator='mean', errorbar=('ci', 95), ax=axes[0])
axes[0].set_title('Mean ± 95% CI')
 
# Median with IQR
sns.lineplot(data=experiment_multi, x='dose', y='response',
             estimator='median', errorbar=('pi', 50), ax=axes[1])
axes[1].set_title('Median ± IQR')
 
# Custom estimator (75th percentile)
sns.lineplot(data=experiment_multi, x='dose', y='response',
             estimator=lambda x: np.percentile(x, 75), errorbar=None, ax=axes[2])
axes[2].set_title('75th Percentile')
 
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Sales data with promotion period
sales_highlight = pd.DataFrame({
    'week': range(1, 53),
    'sales': 1000 + np.random.randn(52).cumsum() * 100 +
             np.where((np.arange(52) >= 20) & (np.arange(52) <= 30), 500, 0)
})
 
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 6))
 
sns.lineplot(data=sales_highlight, x='week', y='sales', linewidth=2.5, color='#3498db')
 
# Highlight promotion period
ax.axvspan(20, 30, alpha=0.2, color='gold', label='Promotion Period')
ax.axhline(y=sales_highlight['sales'].mean(), color='red',
           linestyle='--', linewidth=1.5, alpha=0.7, label='Average Sales')
 
ax.set_title('Sales Performance with Promotion Period Highlighted',
             fontsize=16, fontweight='bold')
ax.set_xlabel('Week', fontsize=12)
ax.set_ylabel('Sales ($)', fontsize=12)
ax.legend(fontsize=11)
ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
 
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()